Why this matters:
Under the GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance, renewable procurement only moves the market-based number — the location-based figure always reflects the physical grid. Matched volume (RECs, a PPA, a VPPA's contractual RECs, or onsite generation) counts as zero-emission; the uncovered remainder reverts to the residual mix, not the grid average. To count, instruments must meet the quality criteria — tracked & retired, exclusively claimed, vintage- and geography-matched.
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